随着新能源汽车发展与 GB/T 34590—2024 国标实施，文章针对三电系统功能安全，运用HAZOP、FMEA 明确失效模式与 ASIL 安全目标。硬件上，电池采用高精度传感器、多层防护，电机与电控实施关键部件冗余及“双电源+双通信+双控制器”架构；软件层面，以状态机、融合算法及多级熔断保障安全。以某纯电动商用车为例，通过实践验证表明，传感器冗余设计可将故障发生率从 1.2×10-4/h 大幅降至3.5×10-7/h，达到 ASIL-B 安全等级标准。

With the development of new energy vehicles and the implementation of the national standard GB/T 34590—2024，this article focuses on the functional safety of the three-electricity system and uses HAZOP and FMEA to clarify the failure modes and ASIL safety objectives. In terms of hardware，the battery adopts high-precision sensors and multi-layer protection. The motor and electronic control implement redundancy of key components and adopt a "dual power supply + dual communication+dual controller" architecture. At the software level，security is guaranteed by state machines， fusion algorithms and multi-level circuit breakers. Taking a certain pure electric commercial vehicle as an example，practical verification shows that the sensor redundancy design can significantly reduce the failure rate from 1.2×10-4/h to 3.5×10-7/h，meeting the ASIL-B safety level standard