文章聚焦新能源汽车电池管理系统热失控预警与防控技术。首先,分析锂离子电池热失控机理,包括机械、电、热滥用触发的链式反应,探讨材料、结构、充放电策略及环境因素对安全性的影响;其次,梳理电池管理系统热失控预警技术从阈值模型到人工智能驱动的演进路径,提出多参数融合与多物理场耦合的优化方案;最后,通过案例分析,从设计、均衡、热管理及运维4个方面提出防控策略,指出传感器精度、算法鲁棒性及标准统一性为技术瓶颈。

This article focuses on the early warning and prevention technology of thermal runaway in the battery management system of new energy vehicles. Firstly, analyze the thermal runaway mechanism of lithium-ion batteries, including the chain reaction triggered by mechanical, electrical and thermal abuse, and explore the influence of materials, structure, charge and discharge strategies and environmental factors on safety. Secondly, sort out the evolution path of battery management system thermal runaway early warning technology from threshold model to artificial intelligence-driven, and propose an optimization scheme of multi-parameter fusion and multi-physical field coupling; Finally, through case analysis, prevention and control strategies are proposed from four aspects: design, balance, thermal management and operation and maintenance. It is pointed out that sensor accuracy, algorithm robustness and standard uniformity are the technical bottlenecks.